Produced monthly by Elaine Ostroff in cooperation with
the Adaptive Environments Center, Boston, MA., USA

Volume 1, Number 5, MAY 1999

Contents:

• Editor’s Note

• News from the Global Network

  • Canada

  • Ireland

  • Italy

  • Japan

  • Lebanon

  • United Kingdom

  • United States

• Designing for the 21st Century II

  • Call for Proposals

  • Student Design Competition

• Global Universal Design Educator's Network e-mail list

• Calendar

• Adding your information, questions to the Online News

EDITOR’S NOTE:

This issue highlights news on universal design of information technology, describing efforts in Canada to analyze courseware for online courses, the development of new standards for electronic information in the USA, and the new release of Web Accessibility Guidelines from the World Wide Web Consortium. We also learn about the re-building of Beirut, Lebanon from Riadh Tappuni, wayfinding issues from Brian Parker of the United Kingdom, kitchen design from Luigi Biacca of Italy and a new USA project, "Access to Design Professions," dedicated to Ron Mace. We’ve added "Calendar’, a new feature that lists events that were noted in previous issues.

Information may be freely copied and quoted as long as the individual author and this source is cited. Previous issues as well as this issue of the Online News will be available in May at the Adaptive Environments website at http://www.adaptenv.org in the Universal Design section.

Back to Contents

From Canada:

• The University of Toronto has an online evaluation of accessibility in distance learning tools. The proliferation of online courses and educational resources demands thoughtful attention in the earliest stages of the design process - as in all good universal designing. The Courseware Accessibility Study is a preliminary study evaluating Courseware Products for their support of accessible design and access to persons with disabilities. "A quick comparison summary is available at http://snow.utoronto.ca/best/summary.html.

  For designers and instructors the individual Combined Access Support, Functionality, and Accessibility scores will provide an indication of a product's complexity and how well it will support you in creating accessible Web documents. For developers, or those looking for specific strengths and weaknesses, individual scores on the summary sheet can be compared across packages, or the entire evaluation as zipped Excel 97 tables can be downloaded for comparison".

  The following text is excerpted from the study, at: http://snow.utoronto.ca/best/crseval.html.

  In the background to the study, authors Greg Gay and Laurie Harrison of the Centre for Academic and Adaptive Technology note that, " Today's educators of college and university students face new challenges related to the increasing demand for provision of course related resources and documents via the Internet. Use of the Web for delivery of distance learning is finding an audience in the current "just-in-time" education environment, where customized educational programs and convenient professional development opportunities are valued by today's lifelong learners. In addition, students in traditional facilities-based courses are also asking for the convenience of access to course resources, information, and communication with their instructors via the Internet.

  Now, as we stand at the beginning of a new era in education, we must take steps to ensure the accessibility of online educational resources to users of adaptive technology, or learners with disabilities. To this end, it is essential that educators and administrators are astute in their selection of courseware tools, and their development of web-based instructional strategies. The provision of access support and information via courseware and web authoring tools supports the principles of universal design and access to education for all learners..."

  The study uses a scoring system that conforms with the Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI) Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (Working Draft 17-Feb-1999) ..." (see article on latest release of WAI Guidelines in USA section).

Back to Contents

From Ireland:

• The European Institute for Design and Disability (EIDD) has its headquarters at the National College of Art and Design in Dublin. They have recently produced a beautiful, glossy magazine, EIDD 1999, "an interim publication" to showcase work of EIDD colleagues throughout Europe. EIDD President Francesc Aragall notes in the introduction that their Internet site is under construction and will be a new vehicle for exchanging information. For information on the publication, contact Tina Leonard, Editor, eidd@tinet.ie.

Back to Contents

From Italy:

• New Kitchen Prototype by Scavolini Luigi Biocca, CNR (Italian National Research Council), ICITE (Central Institute for Industrialization and Building Technology), Italy (Mr. Biocca can be reached at md3285@mclink.it)

  First among other Italian kitchen manufacturers, Scavolini has been facing also the problems of people with reduced abilities and developed a new kitchen unit taking into account the different needs of usability. Thanks to a national kitchen design competition (‘Cooking without handicaps’) sponsored by Scavolini itself, TVS and Teflon Co., a new prototype enhancing the life independence in cooking activities was presented to the public, at Bauen & Wohnen Exhibition (Wien, Austria, March 19-28, 1999), in accordance with the following design pre-requisites: - to design equipment and objects for daily use with innovative characteristics, enabling an easier use even by those with physical restrictions related to ageing and impairments; - to define which innovative design components can be applied to a mass produced kitchen, in order to be suitable for every user group; - to avoid exclusiveness of technology-driven products, but quite to highlight design devices.

  The winning prototype consists of a curve-shaped central block, which allows under-knee space and especially all activities within reach ranges. The upper cabinets have curved sliding doors. Moving/removing pans to and from the burners is operated through a conveyor bar put on the upside wall behind cooktop and through a rolling stick system upon the burners. The equipment includes also a pull-down storage rack above the oven, a pull-out metal-shelf under the oven and three additional pull-out shelves close respectively to the cooktop, the food area and the sink. The last is chute-shaped inside and equipped with a shower head for easy cleaning.

  The above fittings, developed to the full scale prototype, will be realized at mass production level, except the conveyor bar, which will be not installed anymore, due to the difficulty for the manufacturers in finding out an easy-to-use connection mechanism between the bar and the pan.

  The challenge of Scavolini will be therefore to market the prototype at a not so higher price than the current kitchen models. This will be very fruitful in spreading its concept and gaining a good reputation among the users.

  Furthermore, a questionnaire was proposed to the public in order to evaluate the usability and the adequacy of the features, as well as the favour met by different users.

  Scavolini management gave a preview of the temporary data from the questionnaire answers, actually still in progress and shortly summarized in the crucial points below: - the design has judged attractive by 77% of the respondents; - the suitability to meet the needs of a mobility-impaired person was judged favourably by 63%; - the specific features and fittings were thought technically adequate by 84%. This kitchen will be manufactured and marketed in the near future. On this purpose, 93% of the respondents believe it highly marketable, while 80% of the kitchen dealers would like to present it to the customers in their show-room. We can assume that the final data from the survey should not vary significantly, and on the other side Scavolini will make a relevant step in challenging attention of its potential users.

  References:

  Biocca, L. (1998) Case studies from a kitchen design competition: ‘Cooking without handicaps’, Proceedings of International Workshop on Universal Design, BRI, Japan.

  Dionigi, I. (1998) Fondazione Don Gaudiano, Cucinare senza handicap - Concorso per la progettazione di pentole per ipovedenti e cucine per disabili, Ramberti Arti Grafiche, Pesaro.

Back to Contents

From Japan:

• Satoshi Kose reports that the final proceedings of the International Workshop in Universal Design, 30 November - 4 December 1998, Yokohama, Japan may soon be available on the web in a PDF format. The illustrated publication includes about 25 papers representing work in Australia, Canada, Italy, Japan, United Kingdom, United States, and Singapore. Contact him at skose@kenken.go.jp.

Back to Contents

From Lebanon:

• Riadh Tappuni, Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA) has been working on the plans to rebuild Beirut. He can be reached at tappuni.escwa@un.org.

  From City Centre to National Accessibility: the Lebanese Experience as a Third World Paradigm

  Background: Seldom does an opportunity arise where planners and architects are given the chance to reconstruct a city. The devastation that wars leave behind are such opportunities. The vicious civil war that Lebanon went through over a period of fifteen years had its toll on urban settlements throughout the country, but no where was the devastation more evident than in the centre of the capital, Beirut, where the infrastructure was completely demolished and many buildings were left only in a gutted skeletal state. The Lebanese Company for the Development and Reconstruction of the Beirut Central District (SOLIDERE) was given the task of development of the Beirut Central District (BCD), comprising of 1.6 million sqm in area. The overall project has a total of 4.4 million sqm of built up space accommodating a wide variety of activities. The reconstruction plan included the construction of a new full fledged infrastructure. Buildings were classified into two categories: new construction; those being new buildings on empty plots or to replace buildings that have or been destined for demolition, and recuperated or conserved structures.

  The national perspective: Responding to a request for technical assistance from Lebanon in the field of accessibility for people with disabilities, ESCWA effort started by a definition of the size of the problem, aiming to place all efforts in a national perspective. Meetings with Lebanese officials and NGO representatives indicated that issues of disability are considered in need of urgent attention. Other than the existence of many NGOs that are generally structured around factional affiliations, and are charity oriented in outlook, work in this field seems to have lacked a clear national structure. The first step in this effort was, therefor, to devise a national strategy for accessibility in Lebanon. In view of the circumstances of the country, and in order not to delay development or miss the chances that the present reconstruction efforts provide, the strategy suggested a two track approach: a long term approach aiming at a barrier-free environment throughout the country, and a direct approach to provide accessibility through present reconstruction efforts. It was recognized that efforts within each track should not preclude the other; the two tracks can compliment or consolidate each other. The efforts that have been achieved so far in Lebanon fall under the second track.

  Towards a barrier-free city centre: With the blessing of the National Council for the Disabled, ESCWA-SOLIDERE collaborative effort started by identifying standards and specifications that are applicable to the environment of Beirut. This entailed looking at internationally published literature as well as standards and specs that have been adopted in few countries of the region. Providing for barrier-free environment in the BCD required to tackle the issue of accessibility in buildings that already exist, but have been originally designed and constructed with little or no concern for people with disabilities. The recuperation of these structures provides an important opportunity for making them responsive to the special needs of special groups like children, older people, people with disabilities. On the other hand the BCD project involves the construction of new buildings as well as a new infrastructure, thus the urgency for compiling guidelines, standards and specifications that architects, planners and engineers can use.

  This endeavour resulted with a compilation of a manual under the title "Accessibility for the disabled: a design manual for a barrier free environment", which is due to be published in Arabic and English by SOLIDERE. In the meantime SOLIDERE has made it mandatory to apply these standards by professionals on all construction work in the BCD.

  Post manual endeavour: As a follow-up to the manual, and in support of its application, ESCWA has just completed work on a publication titled "Accessibility for the Disabled in the Urban Environment in the ESCWA Region: Planning and Design Solutions". This publication actually interprets the planning and design standards of the manual into construction solutions, making it easier for the professionals in the construction industry to provide accessibility. It is hoped that these publications would be of relevance and use throughout the region as the concerns and circumstances, as well as the cultural backgrounds are similar.

  Sustainability of such efforts can only be achieved when a legislative framework is put in place, linking building standards and specifications to national codes of practices, and rendering them legally binding. The next step, therefor, would be to work closely with the Lebanese government to devise a legislative framework that can be adopted and applied throughout the country.

Back to Contents

From the United Kingdom:

• Brian Parker, Dipl Arch RIBA, shares some recent work with us. He can be reached at BEP@weavery.freeserve.co.uk.

  Wayfinding, Perception and Place I am beginning some research for an M.Phil. Degree at the University of Lincolnshire and Humberside School of Architecture, in Kingston upon Hull, UK, with the above title, and I am glad of this opportunity to share a few ideas with readers of the Online News.

  The research is a development of suggestions from my colleague Dr. Geoffrey M Matthews, who is Programme Leader of the Masters Course in Interdisciplinary Design in the Hull School of Architecture. He is also a Senior Lecturer in the Department of Museum and Exhibition Design, which is unique in the UK in concentrating on teaching the design aspects of museums and exhibitions. In recent years I have contributed a short course entitled "Living in an Alien Environment" both in this Department and in the Architecture and Interior Design Departments. The research will basically be a study of the characteristics of built and natural environments that contribute to or inhibit navigation, understanding and enjoyment by all potential users.

  My initial thoughts are as follows: Professor Romedi Passini in his book "Wayfinding" defines wayfinding as: - "spatial problem solving by an individual, comprising cognitive and behavioural processes necessary to reach a destination" [1]

  A "readable" building or environment may be said to have the following characteristics:

• It is readily identifiable within its context.

• The relationship between the interior and the exterior is clear and simple. When a mismatch occurs between the internal spatial organisation and the external enclosure, confusion and disorientation takes place for building users. Jonathan Sime makes reference to this idea, drawn from Passini, in his paper "Handicapped People or Handicapping Environments?" [2].

• It is possible to distinguish discrete elements and areas from each other. Uniformity of treatment (as opposed to the unity of design, which ensures architectural integrity) tends to inhibit navigation.

• Destinations, the routes to them, and the "events" which occur on those routes through an environment are easy to identify and understand.

• A hierarchy of spaces is clearly evident, from the entrance right through to the interior.

• Public spaces are distinguishable from those that are private.

• Information necessary for wayfinding, understanding and warning is comprehensible by all users of an environment.

All these characteristics should be manifested such that wayfinding is possible, easy and enjoyable for all users, including those with disabilities. Although there are broad design parameters relating to the generality of people with disabilities, it is essential to note that each person is an individual with particular capabilities and preferences, and the study will need to take account of these differences to avoid stereotyping.

"It is not the average similarities but the differences between people which are self-evident. If these differences are seen as self-evident, all accessibility facilities become self-evident" [4]

Aim of the Study

The aim of the study will be to produce information for environmental designers on wayfinding and on the perception and "personal geographies"[5] of users of the built environment in its various manifestations, from external areas to the internal details of buildings, with particular reference to interactive environments. The main objective will be to gain insight into the perception of the built environment by different kinds of people, by investigating:

• The effect of spatial arrangements on the understanding, orientation and navigational capabilities of building users.

• The value of visual, audible, tactile and electronic cues in assisting navigation.

• The effectiveness of signs and symbols for various users as aids to navigation and the reception of information.

The expectation is not of "lowest common denominator" recommendations for designers, but an exploration of the wayfinding experiences of human beings as individuals and in groups in a variety of environments, both "built" and "natural", and an elucidation of the richness of those experiences. Someone said, "It is better to travel hopefully than to arrive". My intention is to try to find out what makes the journey as well as the arrival of value. I would appreciate any thoughts that readers may have on user groups that I might contact, particular environments to study and any references to existing research I might follow up. I should also be delighted to hear from anyone who would like to collaborate with me in this exciting venture.

I am interested to note that the Student Design Competition "Creating Legible Environments" for the International Conference on Universal Design "Designing for the 21st Century II" is close to the subject of my research, and I look forward to seeing the results of the competition.

[1] Arthur, Paul and Passini, Romedi (1984) Wayfinding - McGraw-Hill, Ryerson Ltd Ontario, Canada.

[2] Sime, Dr. Jonathan (1989) Handicapped People or Handicapping Environments- Building Journal, Hong Kong China.

[3] Bright, Keith; Cook, Geoff; Harris, John (1997) Colour, Contrast & Perception – Design Guidance for Internal Built Environments – University of Reading, UK

[4] Wijk, Maarten (1990) Architects and the European Manual for an Accessible Built, Environment - a paper given at the launch of the European Manual in Maastricht the Netherlands, in November 1990.

[5] Vujacovic, Peter and Matthews, Hugh (1992) Mapping Another World- Physical Disabilities and the Urban Environment – Division of Geography, Anglia Polytechnic.

Back to Contents

From the United States:

• Access to Design Professions is a new project dedicated to the late Ron Mace. The National Endowment for the Arts awarded a Universal Design Leadership Initiative Project to the Adaptive Environments Center to address the problem of the lack of persons with disabilities in the design professions. The project includes the development of an international network of designers and a Task Force that will create the Action Plan.

"Ron Mace was an architect whose personal experience of disability informed his extraordinary contribution to universal design and to the increased understanding of an inclusive, accessible society", notes Elaine Ostroff, Project Manager" His death has made all of us acutely aware of how few people with disabilities are in the design professions. The project will be a living memorial to him and will complement the other continuing efforts in universal design education for all designers." For more information, contact Elaine Ostroff at elaine@ostroff.org.

• American Association of Retired Persons (AARP) is celebrating Independent Living Week 1999. They have created a special series of pages within their website on community activities that help people age safely in their homes. It includes information on universally designed home modifications. The address is: http://www.aarp.org/programs/connect/week99/.

• Center for Rehabilitation Technology at Georgia Tech, College of Architecture - The Supine Workstation

  As computers become increasingly prevalent in our daily activities, the computer workstation must become more adaptable to greater numbers of users. For persons with mild to severe back pain, sitting at a desk using a keyboard for an eight-hour work day may be unbearable. The Supine Workstation was developed to enable these people to work more comfortably for longer periods of time. The Supine Workstation allows users to maintain an unchanged relationship to the computer interface while moving from sitting upright, through a range of positions, to a reclined (supine) position. Reclining shifts the user's body weight; thus reducing pressure on the spine and alleviating back discomfort.

  The Supine Workstation is built around a commercially available BackSaver recliner. Changing the position of the recliner and attached Workstation requires no motorized parts and is virtually effortless. The user simply shifts his body weight to change the position of the recliner chair, and the counterbalanced support arm of the Workstation facilitates its movement in concert with the recliner. A 21" NEC flatscreen monitor conserves space and reduces weight while providing a large video interface, a necessity for people with reduced vision. The monitor angle is adjustable; and the keyboard mount is adjustable in three directions. There are photographs and more examples at: http://www.arch.gatech.edu/crt/supine/supine.htm or contact the Project Manager at: alan.harp@arch.gatech.edu.

• Irma Dobkin, FIFDA, ASID, announces that the International Furnishings and Design Association (IFDA) will award their Universal Design Grant for $2,500 in 1999. Applications must be received by October 1, 1999. "Recognizing the increasing importance of universal design in improving the quality of life for all and realizing the necessity to further the understanding of universal design by the community at large, the Board of Trustees of the IFDA Educational Foundation has established the Universal Design Grant". There is more information at: http://www.ifda.com/educationalfoundationgrants.htm.

• David Jones, Jr. reports that on March 17, 1999 he made a presentation to architecture students at Tuskegee University School of Engineering and Architecture on, "The Principles of Universal Design.

• Universal Design of Electronic Equipment, Section 508 There is a new US law that will be extremely influential in the future of universal design of all electronic equipment and information technology. Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act Amendments of 1998 and the Workforce Incentives Act was signed by President Clinton August 7, 1998. It requires that federal agencies develop, procure, maintain, or use electronic and information technology that is usable by people with disabilities. This specifically applies to federal government employees with disabilities and also to the information that the federal government provides to people with disabilities. This covers a vast array of equipment and information systems, including government websites on the Internet. Since the federal government is such a major purchaser of equipment, and provider of information, it is likely that many businesses will redesign their products and systems to assure that they will continue to supply the government.

  This new law also requires that by February, 2000, 18 months after the law was signed, the Access Board must publish standards that provide the necessary criteria for accessibility for such technology. The process for setting standards is well underway. On May 12, 1999 the Access Board's Electronic and Information Technology Access Advisory Committee will present its recommendations to the Access Board.

  The Committee, which has been meeting and working intensely since October 1998, is composed of representatives of Federal agencies and Federal contractors; the electronic and information technology industry; organizations representing the access needs of individuals with disabilities; and other persons affected by accessibility standards for electronic and information technology. Their recommendations that will provide the basis for the new standards. The Access Board staff, in consultation with public Board members and the departments of Commerce, Defense, and Education, the Federal Communications Commission and the General Services Administration will then take the committee's recommendations and write a set of proposed standards that will be published in the Federal Register for public comment. Once the public comment period is completed, the standards will be reworked into a final rule and presented to the Board for approval.

  The final standards will be issued by February 7, 2000 as stated in the Section 508 law. The ultimate goal is to have the standards incorporated into the Federal Acquisition Regulations (FAR). The FAR Council has six months to incorporate the Board's standards into the FAR and Federal agencies are to incorporate the standards into their purchasing requirements. More information can be found at the Access Board website: http://www.access-board.gov/.

• Web Content Accessibility Guidelines On May 5, 1999 the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) announced the release of the "Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 1.0" specification as a W3C Recommendation. As a W3C Recommendation, the specification is stable, contributes to the universality of the Web, and has been reviewed by the W3C Membership who recommend it as the means for making Web sites accessible. W3C encourages information providers to raise their level of accessibility using this Recommendation.

  "The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines explain what to do," said Tim Berners-Lee, Director of W3C. "It has always been difficult to know, when making a site more accessible, which changes are critical. These guidelines answer that question, and set common expectations so that providers of Web sites and users can be much more strategic. The bar has been set, and technologically it is not a very high bar. Some of the items in these guidelines will be unnecessary once authoring tools do them automatically. Now it is time to see which sites can live up to this."

  The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines establish stable principles for accessible design, such as the need to provide equivalent alternatives for auditory and visual information. Each guideline has associated "checkpoints" explaining how these accessibility principles apply to specific features of sites. For example, providing alternative text for images ensures that information is available to a person who cannot see images. Providing captions for audio files makes information available to someone who cannot hear audio.

  "An accompanying 'Checklist' provides a handy tool for reviewing Web sites and clearly delineates the three priority levels in the guidelines," explained Daniel Dardailler, Technical Manager of the Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI).

  "We have a growing list of resources to support implementation," explained Judy Brewer, Director of the WAI International Program Office. "We are developing an on-line curriculum to take Web authors through the guidelines, giving examples of mark-up of tables, frames, animations, multimedia, and other features that create barriers when done poorly but are accessible when marked up correctly.

  The WAI home page, at http://www.w3.org/WAI, has up-to-date information on all the resources of the Web Accessibility Initiative. Following are links to the: Press Release - http://www.w3.org/1999/05/WCAG-RECPressRelease.html

  (French and Japanese versions of Press Release also available)

  Web Content Accessibility Guidelines - Checkpoints - http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/WAI-WEBCONTENT-19990505/
  checkpoint-list.html

  Fact Sheet for the Guidelines- http://www.w3.org/1999/05/WCAG-REC-fact.html

  International contacts are:
  Contact America -- Janet Daly, janet@w3.org
  Contact Europe -- Ned Mitchell, ned@ala.com; Andrew Lloyd, allo@ala.com Contact Asia -- Yuko Watanabe yuko@w3.org

Back to Contents

DESIGNING FOR THE 21ST CENTURY II
An International Conference on Universal Design, June 14-18, 2000

• The CALL for Proposals is online at http://www.adaptenv.org/21century/. This includes the RFP for Pre-conference Intensive Sessions. Proposals must be received by September 1, 1999.

• Creating Legible Environments is the theme of the Student Design Competition that is being held in conjunction with Designing for the 21st Century II. Michael Everett, Dean, Division of Architecture and Design, Rhode Island School of Design, is the Chair of the Student Design Competition,

  The application requires a team submissions, with a minimum of two design disciplines. In addition, the participation of other related disciplines is recommended. If you are a design advocate, we encourage your promotion of this design opportunity; bring it to the attention of faculty in design schools. The application suggest the involvement of users in the early stages as well as in review of the proposed solutions.

  Submissions must be received by February 1, 2000. It is expected that the responses to the design competition will be developed by teams of students during the Fall, 1999 semester. The preliminary announcement is online at http://www.adaptenv.org/21century/ or we can mail a print copy. Contact Mike DiLorenzo at mdilorenzo@adaptenv.org or 617 695 1225 x 35.

Back to Contents

GLOBAL UNIVERSAL DESIGN EDUCATOR'S NETWORK E-MAIL LIST

The Global Universal Design Educator's Network has been established people are exchanging introductions, notes. At this time, this is a group e-mail and NOT a true automatic Listserv. This is temporary - we anticipate that the automated List will be in place in the near future. At this time, if you would like to be included on the list, send an e-mail to: elaine@ostroff.org.

Back to Contents

CALENDAR:

• May 12, 1999 Boston, MA USA Boston Architectural Center - Lecture: Children Playing and Learning Robin Moore and David Rose For more information contact Sally Levine, 617 262 5000 x 219 or email levine@the-bac.edu.

• May 21-22, 1999 Barcelona, Spain the DAIEE Conference : "Design for All Commitment Label". Reporting a new pilot project involving more than 50 companies in Spain. For more information, contact Francesc Aragall at crid@diba.es

• July 5 - 7, 1999 Singapore Women's Health - The Nation's Gain : An International Conference with a Special Focus on Older Women in Asia Information. - www.asiawomen.org.sg

• July 12 - 16, 1999 New York City, NY, USA Vision ’99, International Conference on Low Vision Contact: vision@lighthouse.org

• July 27 - 28, 1999 Perth, Australia The Universal Design Conference, focus on retail design, includes a design competition. For more information: contact pip.dalysmith@dsc.wa.gov.au

• September 5 - 8, 1999 Montreal, Quebec, CANADA The Fourth Global Conference, International Federation for Aging, and the Universal Design Track For information: contact ageingconf@jpdl.com

• September 30 - October 2, 1999 Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada Universal Design In The City Beyond 2000 For information, contact: pparch@cc.umanitoba.ca.

Back to Contents

NEWS FROM YOUR SCHOOL/ORGANIZATION/COMPANY IS WELCOME!

Adding your information, questions to the Online News: Send e-mail to elaine@ostroff.org by the 20th of each month for the next month's mailing. Articles should be limited to 600 words. If the issue is too full to include, and the timeliness of the article allows it, we may hold the item until the following month.

Back to Contents

Acknowledgments: The Global Universal Design Educator’s Network and the Global Universal Design Educators Online News is produced with support from the National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research, of the US Department of Education.

Elaine Ostroff, Founding Director, Adaptive Environments Center, Editor.